Which OS is better regarding Ubuntu vs. RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux)?

We introduce two distinct operating systems in the Ubuntu vs Red Hat Enterprise Linux comparison. Ubuntu excels with its open-source approach and high compatibility, while RHEL stands out for its stability and support.

What are the different approaches of Ubuntu and RHEL?

Ubuntu and Red Hat are among the best and most popular Linux distributions currently available. While there are some similarities between the two, their differences are more significant, starting with their histories. Ubuntu based on Debian was released in 2004 to provide an easy-to-use operating system compatible with numerous programs. It’s open source, maintained by the Canonical Foundation, and offers new versions twice a year for both desktop and server use.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), developed by the US software company Red Hat, is the market leader in Linux distributions for businesses. Launched in 2002, RHEL is known for its robustness, security, and flexibility, with compatibility across numerous software packages. It evolved from Red Hat Linux, which has been in development since 1995. Unlike Ubuntu, RHEL is proprietary and offers versions for desktop, server, and cloud applications. Its releases are announced every two to five years, rather than following a fixed schedule.

What are their purpose and target group?

As evident from the brief introduction, Ubuntu and Red Hat target different user groups with distinct approaches. Ubuntu, known as ‘Linux for everyone’, excels in user-friendliness, simple configuration, and a vast range of software. With over 25 million users, this free system is popular and versatile. In contrast, RHEL is preferred for commercial use due to its stability and reliability, making it ideal for both large and small companies. However, it may not be the best choice for newcomers.

What are their repositories and package managers

Ubuntu and RHEL have significant differences in their repositories and package managers. RHEL uses the RPM package manager and its own file format, along with tools like YUM (Yellowdog Updater, Modified) and DNF (Dandified Yum). Its primary repositories are AppStream, BaseOS, EPEL, and PowerTools. On the other hand, Ubuntu offers four main repository types: Main, Universe, Restricted, and Multiverse. For package management, Ubuntu uses apt and dpkg.

How do they use container solutions?

As container management gains importance, both Ubuntu and Red Hat offer relevant tools. Ubuntu provides MicroK8s, a lightweight Kubernetes distribution for container-based services. Red Hat counters with OpenShift, an open-source application platform based on Kubernetes and licensed under the Apache license. Additionally, Red Hat offers Podman, an open-source tool for container development and management, though Docker on Red Hat Enterprise Linux can also be installed on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

What are the differences in their security systems?

Both Ubuntu and RHEL are known for their strong security and stability, receiving regular updates and security patches. Ubuntu uses AppArmor for its security framework, while Red Hat relies on SELinux.

Documentation, courses and training

Both Ubuntu and Red Hat are well-documented. Ubuntu provides extensive online tutorials from the Canonical Foundation for users of all experience levels, along with official documentation in HTML and PDF formats. Additionally, the large community contributes to its documentation. Red Hat offers a free course for newcomers and provides documentation in HTML, PDF, and EPUB formats, with additional paid training and online courses available.

What are the support options?

Support for Ubuntu is divided into two phases. Regular support for a new version is available for five years from release. This also includes important updates. Users can book an additional five years of support via the paid Ubuntu Advantage model. Red Hat distinguishes between three different support models: ‘Full Support’ is available for five years from the date of initial release, ‘Maintenance Support’ can be claimed for the following five years and the ‘Extended Life Phase’ model starts at the end of ‘Maintenance Support’ and lasts another two years. Bug fixes can be booked as an option.

How do they differ in licensing and payment models?

A key difference between Ubuntu and RHEL is their payment models. Ubuntu is basically free; no license is required for its use, and most services are provided at no cost. The paid Ubuntu Advantage model offers additional, personalised support. In contrast, Red Hat requires registration to access packages, and all licenses come with a fee. Prices vary by service, with the server model starting at $384 (around £290) and a virtual data centre priced at $2,749 (around £2100). However, Red Hat does offer a free trial version of its distribution.

Which distribution is better, Ubuntu vs Red Hat Enterprise Linux?

Ultimately, the choice between Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux depends on your specific needs. For a free, user-friendly solution, particularly for private use, Ubuntu is a strong choice. It offers high compatibility, a supportive community, and extensive documentation. Ubuntu can also be a good option for smaller companies.

Conversely, RHEL is the market leader in commercially used Linux systems for good reason. Although it may not be ideal for private individuals, companies benefit from exceptional stability, strong performance, and top-notch support. For businesses seeking the optimal solution, investing in RHEL is likely to be worthwhile.