Ubuntu vs. Debian: Which one is better?

When considering Ubuntu vs. Debian, the one you choose ultimately depends on what you need. While the derivative is up-to-date and user-friendly, the older distribution scores with stability and dedication to the concept of open source.

What do Ubuntu and Debian have in common?

Linux is a serious alternative to Windows and macOS. However, the individual operating systems which rely on the Linux kernel and the GNU software palette aren’t one homogeneous group, but rather cater to different requirements. Among the most popular and well-known Linux distributions are Debian and Ubuntu. Users who are thinking about switching to Linux will definitely come across the two options. But when looking at Ubuntu vs. Debian, which solution has the edge? The answer isn’t all that simple.

Both distributions have strengths and weaknesses. Yet despite their differences, the two are also similar. That’s hardly surprising given that Ubuntu is a derivative of Debian. While oldie Debian has been around since 1993 and was one of the first mature Linux distributions, Ubuntu was first released in 2004. The younger distribution uses parts of the architecture and infrastructure of Debian but follows a different approach. When choosing between Ubuntu and Debian, it makes sense to compare both contenders.

What are the differences between Ubuntu and Debian?

Below we examine some of the main features of the free distributions. This way, you can see which of the two most closely matches your expectations and needs. All information in this comparison was collected in January 2023.

Difference 1: Hardware requirements

Let’s start the Ubuntu vs. Debian duel at the hardware. Before deciding on one or the other, you should consider their hardware requirements. There are some important differences. The current version of Debian is 11.6 ‘Bullseye’. This requires a processor with at least 1 GHz, 1 gigabyte of RAM and 10 gigabytes of hard disk space. The difference with Ubuntu is that there’s a server edition and a desktop variant. The recommended hardware requirements are 2 gigabytes of RAM, 25 gigabytes of storage and a 2 GHz dual-core processor for the desktop edition of Ubuntu 18.04.

Although the server edition of Ubuntu is already sparse with 1.2 GHz, 256 megabytes of RAM and a 1.5 gigabyte data storage, Debian’s minimum requirements are much lower. There are numerous derivatives like Xubuntu that get by with even less. There’s a good reason why Debian has such low hardware requirements. We’ll explore them below.

Difference 2: Installation and configuration

Installation and usage differ significantly between the distributions. For simple installation and usability, Ubuntu is the system of choice. Both installation and handling of Ubuntu are much easier. This is where the main difference between the two becomes apparent: Ubuntu is an operating system for novices and experienced users alike. Debian, on the other hand, is better for professional users. Installation and setup are much more complex.

Difference 3: Software

Debian is a good choice for purists. Only open-source software is installed by default. Commercial software, on the other hand, is often not supported. This is true for programs that are standard for most users. The range of software packages is huge, but you won’t find many well-known programs. However, if you’re experienced in using operating systems, appreciate flexibility, and prefer open-source systems, you’ll probably feel comfortable using Debian. The distribution offers numerous customisation options and allows users more freedom.

When it comes to software, Ubuntu is committed to user-friendliness. The younger challenger supports commercial providers, allowing for greater program availability. As such, Ubuntu is a good alternative to other operating systems that are similarly easy to use and have very few restrictions. For companies that want to rely solely on open source, however, this may be a disadvantage. Only Debian is fully open source.

Difference 4: Packages and programs

When it comes to packages, the Ubuntu vs. Debian debate is on pause. Both distributions use Debian Package (or dpkg) for administration. Graphics support via Synaptic connects the two. Ubuntu provides its own Software Center, primarily aimed at users looking for added convenience. However, a closer look shows that the differences between the original and the derivative are huge. The main reason for this is their fundamentally different approaches.

The Ubuntu versions are always up to date. Users enjoy the latest versions and benefit from more features. The focus is on user-friendliness, making sure to avoid long waiting times. Debian is more leisurely. Many packages are older and therefore not up to date anymore. In comparison, there are significantly fewer updates, which can be problematic, especially when using new software. The reason for this approach is stability. With Debian you can assume that all packages have been extensively tested.

Difference 5: Development background

Another thing that distinguishes Ubuntu from Debian is its development. Debian is dedicated to the original idea of Linux. A dedicated community oversees the project and continues to develop it. The open-source approach is the main focus. This may come at the expense of timeliness, but it does ensure maximum security. All components used are free and open source, and if there are questions, a helpful community offers advice and support. These aspects contribute a great deal to Debian’s popularity as a server operating system.

There are plenty of positive things to say about Ubuntu. Nevertheless, the distribution is a point of contention for some Linux users. Although it’s distributed free of charge and supported by a community, the British company Canonical is the publisher. In instances of uncertainty, the company tends to make decisions that favour mainstream compatibility. Allowing the use of proprietary software and the significantly higher release density are some examples to this end. Ubuntu is more modern and user-friendly, often drawing up a comparison to Microsoft. But many professional users prefer the more complicated, yet more individualisable Debian.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Ubuntu?

When deciding between Ubuntu and Debian, it’s worth taking a look at their respective pros and cons. Here are the pros and cons for Ubuntu at a glance:

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Debian?

We checked how the older contender performs in a direct comparison. These are the advantages and disadvantages of Debian at a glance:

Summary: Ubuntu vs. Debian

So, who wins the Ubuntu vs. Debian debate? Perhaps, it’s better to ask: Which operating system is more suitable for which user? Both solutions enjoy great popularity and are highly recommended for desktop use or as Linux server distributions. However, their approaches cater to different target groups.

If you’re looking for an alternative to Microsoft or macOS and place a lot of emphasis on usability and solutions that are up-to-date, Ubuntu is the better choice. Installation, configuration and daily use are very simple and intuitive.

Debian, on the other hand, is a Linux distribution for power users. While it may be easier to use than, for example, Arch Linux, beginners will be easily overwhelmed. Also, the slow release policy might deter most laypersons. However, those more familiar with operating systems will appreciate the flexible approach and stability of Debian.